Sec. 4.16  (a) FINRA Regulation, the Board, any committee, the National Adjudicatory Council, and FINRA Regulation staff shall not take any position publicly or with a FINRA member or person associated with or employed by a member with respect to any candidate in a contested election or nomination held pursuant to these By-Laws or the FINRA By-Laws.

Sec. 4.15  Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Board or of a committee may be taken without a meeting if all Directors or all members of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in accordance with applicable law.

Sec. 4.14  (a) A Director or a National Adjudicatory Council or committee member shall not directly or indirectly participate in any adjudication of the interests of any party if that Director or National Adjudicatory Council or committee member has a conflict of interest or bias, or if circumstances otherwise exist where his or her fairness might reasonably be questioned.

Sec. 4.13  (a) The Board may, by resolution or resolutions adopted by a majority of the whole Board, appoint one or more committees. Except as herein provided, vacancies in membership of any committee shall be filled by the vote of a majority of the whole Board. The Board may designate one or more Directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee.

Sec. 4.11  (a) An annual meeting of the Board shall be held for the purpose of organization, election of officers, and transaction of any other business. If such meeting is held promptly after and at the place specified for the annual meeting of the stockholder, no notice of the annual meeting of the Board need be given.

Sec. 4.10  The Board may adopt such rules, regulations, and requirements for the conduct of the business and management of FINRA Regulation not inconsistent with the law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, these By-Laws, the Delegation Plan, the Rules of the Corporation, or the By-Laws of FINRA, as the Board may deem proper.

Sec. 4.9  (a) At all meetings of the Board, unless otherwise set forth in these By-Laws or required by law, a quorum for the transaction of business shall consist of a majority of the Board, including not less than 50 percent of the Public Directors.